Sarah Parker Remond, African American Abolitionist

Known for: African American abolitionist, women’s rights advocate Dates: June 6, 1826 – December 13, 1894 About Sarah Parker Remond Sarah Parker Remond was born in 1826 in Salem, Massachusetts.   Her maternal grandfather, Cornelius Lenox, fought in the American Revolution. Sarah Remond’s mother, Nancy Lenox Remond, was a baker who married John Remond.   John was a Curaà §aon immigrant and hairdresser who became a citizen of the United States in 1811, and he became active in the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society in the 1830s.   Nancy and John Remond had at least eight children. Family Activism Sarah Remond had six sisters. Her older brother, Charles Lenox Remond, became an antislavery lecturer, and influenced Nancy, Caroline and Sarah, among the sisters, to become active in anti-slavery work.   They belonged to the Salem Female Anti-Slavery Society, founded by black women including Sarah’s mother in 1832. The Society hosted prominent abolitionist speakers, including William Lloyd Garrison and Wendell Williams. The Remond children attended public schools in Salem, and experienced discrimination because of their color.   Sarah was refused admission to Salem’s high school. The family moved to Newport, Rhode Island, where the daughters attended a private school for African American children. In 1841, the family returned to Salem. Sarah’s much-older brother Charles attended the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London with others including William Lloyd Garrison, and was among the American delegates who sat in the gallery to protest the refusal of the convention to seat women delegates including Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.   Charles lectured in England and Ireland, and in 1842, when Sarah was sixteen, she lectured with her brother in Groton, Massachusetts. Sarahs Activism When Sarah attended a performance of the opera Don Pasquale at the Howard Athenaeum in Boston in 1853 with some friends, they refused to leave a section reserved for whites only.   A policeman came to eject her, and she fell down some stairs.   She then sued in a civil suit, winning five hundred dollars and an end to segregated seating at the hall. Sarah Remond met Charlotte Forten in 1854 when Charlotte’s family sent her to Salem where the schools had become integrated. In 1856, Sarah was thirty, and was appointed an agent touring New York to lecture on behalf of the American Anti-Slavery Society with Charles Remond, Abby Kelley and her husband Stephen Foster, Wendell Phillips, Aaron Powell, and Susan B. Anthony. Living in England In 1859 she was in Liverpool, England, lecturing in Scotland, England and Ireland for two years.   Her lectures were quite popular. She included in her lectures references to the sexual oppression of women who were enslaved, and how such behavior was in the economic interest of the enslavers. She visited William and Ellen Craft while in London. When she tried to get a visa from the American legate to visit France, he claimed that under the Dred Scott decision, she was not a citizen and thus he could not grant her a visa. The next year, she enrolled in college in London, continuing her lectures during school holidays. She remained in England during the American Civil War, participating in efforts to persuade the British not to support the Confederacy.   Great Britain was officially neutral, but many feared that their connection to the cotton trade would mean they’d support the Confederate insurrection. She supported the blockade that the United States put up to prevent goods reaching or leaving the rebelling states. She became active in the Ladies’ London Emancipation Society. At the end of the war, she raised funds in Great Britain to support the Freedman’s Aid Association in the United States. As the Civil War was ending, Great Britain faced a rebellion in Jamaica, and Remond wrote in opposition to British harsh measures to end the rebellion, and accused the British of acting like the United States. Return to the United States Remond returned to the United States, where she joined with the American Equal Rights Association to work for equal suffrage for women and African Americans. Europe and Her Later Life She returned to England in 1867, and from there traveled to Switzerland and then moved to Florence, Italy.   Not much is known of her life in Italy.   She married in 1877; her husband was Lorenzo Pintor, an Italian man, but the marriage apparently did not last long. She may have studied medicine. Frederick Douglass refers to a visit with the Remonds, probably including Sarah and two of her sisters, Caroline and Maritche, who also moved to Italy in 1885.   She died in Rome in 1894 and was buried there in the Protestant cemetery.

The Definition Of Uk Copyright Law - 1275 Words

The enduring fascination for people is that they want law to be flexible in the matter of copyright. This was clearly expressed by Ed Mayo, Chief Executive of Consumer Focus quoting UK copyright law is the oldest, but also the most out of date. Before addressing the question it’s important to look at the history and definition of UK Copyright law. It has grown from this beginning to form the main legal basis for the international publishing industry, which contributes so much to literature, learning and culture not only in the UK but it has crossed different nation’s borders. Copyright law exist to prevent people from taking advantage on another’s creative work where Peterson J quoted â€Å"†¦.worth copying is prima facie worth protecting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Copyright protection extends to expressions and not to ideas . Originality is the threshold standard of requirement of copyright. The case Walter v Lane [1900] AC 539 expounded the three essential elements (labour, skill and judgment ) of originality. The court adapted to sweat of brow test with no element of creativity require to make the work original. Copyright can be granted if a work is created through the effort of an individual despite the work containing statement of facts and no creative input by an author. Eventually Ladbroke v. William Hill [1964] 1WLR 273 reiterated the requirement of ‘labour, skill and judgement’ and that originality required only that the work originated from the author. It is clear that to conveyShow MoreRelatedE Commerce : A Great Tool For Promoting Business1497 Words   |  6 Pages Consequently, the law created to protect the rights such as copyright and/or patents, database laws, trademarks, industrial design law, and trade secret law to protect different types of intellectual property (IP) rights. The question here is, how much the laws can protect their rights, and whether such protection is adequate. Copyrights There will be a number of IP rights which exist in websites. A logo or branding can be protected by registered trademark right or the law of passing off. AnyRead MoreBibliography On Intellectual Property Law1669 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment | Intellectual Property law | Term 1 In order for the Bell’s to maintain that they have the right to exploit the taken photo by submitting it into a competition, it must be proven that they hold ownership of the copyright and the work is protected as such. In order to discuss authorship and ownership, the subject matter of protection must be established. In the United Kingdom, there is a closed list of 8 copyright protectable forms of media found in the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988Read MorePiracy Of The Uk And Us1571 Words   |  7 PagesPiracy in the UK US 6. 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An ongoing opening is rife in the world of law that computing has its own law however these this has been dispeled by individuals such as Judge Frank Easterbrook who states there is no such thing as computer law, and goes on to compare justify this statement by useing Dean Gerhard Casper declaration in xxx that there was no law of the horseRead MoreA Study on Investment Income1661 Words   |  7 Pagesis the percentage on the principal and previous interests added to the principal, and are calculated annually. Given that there are different types of income like interest income, leasing, rental, and royalty income interest will have different definitions depending on the type of income it is being calculated on. Interest earned from money rent to another nation, is passive income. This is because; this is a percentage of an amount of money, a nation rent to another. Therefore, since the lendingRead MoreCyber Laws in India and their Implications1817 Words   |  7 PagesCyber Laws in India and their Implications Contents Cyber space – Nature of threat 2 Growth of Internet user Population 3 The Legal Framework 4 The US and the UK Approaches for Data Protection and Privacy 4 The US 4 The UK 5 India’s Legal Framework Meets Most Requirements 5 Indian IT Act 2000 5 Indian Copyright Act 5 Indian Penal Code 5 Indian Contract Act, 1872 5 IT Act of India 2000 6 Proposed Amendments to the IT Act 8 Other Government Measures 9 Cyber space – Nature of threat Read MoreOnline Piracy Essay3020 Words   |  13 Pagesone of them because the music and film industry loses  £5.4bn in a year and if it was reduced by 10% it could have created up to 13 thousand jobs in the UK. There are various attempts taken to fight with online piracy; a case study of Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement will be considered as well as other legislations attempting to regulate copyrights in the Internet. This essay is also going to look at main motives and reasons for online piracy and suggest the solutions. Main obstacles in dealing withRead MoreBibliography On Intellectual Property Rights1775 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is copyright? 4 Why patent over copyright 5 Patentability for and against 5 Work arounds 6 â€Æ' Overview of intellectual property rights and how it relates to Computing Introduction An ongoing debate is rife in the world of law as to whether computing has its own law. However this debate had risen to both national and international levels before it was quelled by individuals such as Judge Frank Easterbrook, who stated in a ground-breaking paper that there is no such thing as computer law (EasterbrookRead MoreComputer Access and Information Storage1730 Words   |  7 Pagesrequirements for more specific laws to regulate the use of computers and storage of data as well as new forensic techniques and tools to investigate such offences. Following this, computer forensic investigators are becoming a necessity for lawyers and barristers as support in both criminal and civil proceedings. â€Æ' What legislation exists in Ireland to handle computer crime? Ireland does not have exclusive law that would deal with computer crime as such, but has two laws that can handle computer crimesRead MoreInformation Is Important And An Imperative For The Conduct Of Business And Commerce2385 Words   |  10 Pagesinformation is shared and transmitted today has necessitated that databases and compilations should be protected. It was held in Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service Co.[ ] that compilations or databases cannot be a subject matter for copyright.[ ] The security and protection of databases and compilations have been advanced in several ways including ‘low authorship’, ‘tort-mis-appropriation’ model and ‘Nordic sui generis. It precluded the adoption of data.[ ] In an effort to fuse strategies

The Definition Of Uk Copyright Law - 1275 Words

The enduring fascination for people is that they want law to be flexible in the matter of copyright. This was clearly expressed by Ed Mayo, Chief Executive of Consumer Focus quoting UK copyright law is the oldest, but also the most out of date. Before addressing the question it’s important to look at the history and definition of UK Copyright law. It has grown from this beginning to form the main legal basis for the international publishing industry, which contributes so much to literature, learning and culture not only in the UK but it has crossed different nation’s borders. Copyright law exist to prevent people from taking advantage on another’s creative work where Peterson J quoted â€Å"†¦.worth copying is prima facie worth protecting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Copyright protection extends to expressions and not to ideas . Originality is the threshold standard of requirement of copyright. The case Walter v Lane [1900] AC 539 expounded the three essential elements (labour, skill and judgment ) of originality. The court adapted to sweat of brow test with no element of creativity require to make the work original. Copyright can be granted if a work is created through the effort of an individual despite the work containing statement of facts and no creative input by an author. Eventually Ladbroke v. William Hill [1964] 1WLR 273 reiterated the requirement of ‘labour, skill and judgement’ and that originality required only that the work originated from the author. It is clear that to conveyShow MoreRelatedE Commerce : A Great Tool For Promoting Business1497 Words   |  6 Pages Consequently, the law created to protect the rights such as copyright and/or patents, database laws, trademarks, industrial design law, and trade secret law to protect different types of intellectual property (IP) rights. The question here is, how much the laws can protect their rights, and whether such protection is adequate. Copyrights There will be a number of IP rights which exist in websites. A logo or branding can be protected by registered trademark right or the law of passing off. AnyRead MoreBibliography On Intellectual Property Law1669 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment | Intellectual Property law | Term 1 In order for the Bell’s to maintain that they have the right to exploit the taken photo by submitting it into a competition, it must be proven that they hold ownership of the copyright and the work is protected as such. In order to discuss authorship and ownership, the subject matter of protection must be established. In the United Kingdom, there is a closed list of 8 copyright protectable forms of media found in the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988Read MorePiracy Of The Uk And Us1571 Words   |  7 PagesPiracy in the UK US 6. Write about on-line piracy in the UK and the US; what type of property is stolen through on-line piracy and how do courts in the UK and US deal with offences involving on-line piracy? The relevant definition of piracy: The unauthorized use of another s production, invention, or conception especially in infringement of a copyright. (Merriam-Webster, 2015). But not all infringement of copyright is a criminal offense, the Copyright act states a few specific offences, mostRead MoreOverview Of Intellectual Property Rights1651 Words   |  7 Pageshardware. The law was adapted to treat software as such. and as such law was made to treat it rightfully like so I.e. Example law (insert quote here ). An ongoing opening is rife in the world of law that computing has its own law however these this has been dispeled by individuals such as Judge Frank Easterbrook who states there is no such thing as computer law, and goes on to compare justify this statement by useing Dean Gerhard Casper declaration in xxx that there was no law of the horseRead MoreA Study on Investment Income1661 Words   |  7 Pagesis the percentage on the principal and previous interests added to the principal, and are calculated annually. Given that there are different types of income like interest income, leasing, rental, and royalty income interest will have different definitions depending on the type of income it is being calculated on. Interest earned from money rent to another nation, is passive income. This is because; this is a percentage of an amount of money, a nation rent to another. Therefore, since the lendingRead MoreCyber Laws in India and their Implications1817 Words   |  7 PagesCyber Laws in India and their Implications Contents Cyber space – Nature of threat 2 Growth of Internet user Population 3 The Legal Framework 4 The US and the UK Approaches for Data Protection and Privacy 4 The US 4 The UK 5 India’s Legal Framework Meets Most Requirements 5 Indian IT Act 2000 5 Indian Copyright Act 5 Indian Penal Code 5 Indian Contract Act, 1872 5 IT Act of India 2000 6 Proposed Amendments to the IT Act 8 Other Government Measures 9 Cyber space – Nature of threat Read MoreOnline Piracy Essay3020 Words   |  13 Pagesone of them because the music and film industry loses  £5.4bn in a year and if it was reduced by 10% it could have created up to 13 thousand jobs in the UK. There are various attempts taken to fight with online piracy; a case study of Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement will be considered as well as other legislations attempting to regulate copyrights in the Internet. This essay is also going to look at main motives and reasons for online piracy and suggest the solutions. Main obstacles in dealing withRead MoreBibliography On Intellectual Property Rights1775 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is copyright? 4 Why patent over copyright 5 Patentability for and against 5 Work arounds 6 â€Æ' Overview of intellectual property rights and how it relates to Computing Introduction An ongoing debate is rife in the world of law as to whether computing has its own law. However this debate had risen to both national and international levels before it was quelled by individuals such as Judge Frank Easterbrook, who stated in a ground-breaking paper that there is no such thing as computer law (EasterbrookRead MoreComputer Access and Information Storage1730 Words   |  7 Pagesrequirements for more specific laws to regulate the use of computers and storage of data as well as new forensic techniques and tools to investigate such offences. Following this, computer forensic investigators are becoming a necessity for lawyers and barristers as support in both criminal and civil proceedings. â€Æ' What legislation exists in Ireland to handle computer crime? Ireland does not have exclusive law that would deal with computer crime as such, but has two laws that can handle computer crimesRead MoreInformation Is Important And An Imperative For The Conduct Of Business And Commerce2385 Words   |  10 Pagesinformation is shared and transmitted today has necessitated that databases and compilations should be protected. It was held in Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service Co.[ ] that compilations or databases cannot be a subject matter for copyright.[ ] The security and protection of databases and compilations have been advanced in several ways including ‘low authorship’, ‘tort-mis-appropriation’ model and ‘Nordic sui generis. It precluded the adoption of data.[ ] In an effort to fuse strategies

The Definition Of Uk Copyright Law - 1275 Words

The enduring fascination for people is that they want law to be flexible in the matter of copyright. This was clearly expressed by Ed Mayo, Chief Executive of Consumer Focus quoting UK copyright law is the oldest, but also the most out of date. Before addressing the question it’s important to look at the history and definition of UK Copyright law. It has grown from this beginning to form the main legal basis for the international publishing industry, which contributes so much to literature, learning and culture not only in the UK but it has crossed different nation’s borders. Copyright law exist to prevent people from taking advantage on another’s creative work where Peterson J quoted â€Å"†¦.worth copying is prima facie worth protecting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Copyright protection extends to expressions and not to ideas . Originality is the threshold standard of requirement of copyright. The case Walter v Lane [1900] AC 539 expounded the three essential elements (labour, skill and judgment ) of originality. The court adapted to sweat of brow test with no element of creativity require to make the work original. Copyright can be granted if a work is created through the effort of an individual despite the work containing statement of facts and no creative input by an author. Eventually Ladbroke v. William Hill [1964] 1WLR 273 reiterated the requirement of ‘labour, skill and judgement’ and that originality required only that the work originated from the author. It is clear that to conveyShow MoreRelatedE Commerce : A Great Tool For Promoting Business1497 Words   |  6 Pages Consequently, the law created to protect the rights such as copyright and/or patents, database laws, trademarks, industrial design law, and trade secret law to protect different types of intellectual property (IP) rights. The question here is, how much the laws can protect their rights, and whether such protection is adequate. Copyrights There will be a number of IP rights which exist in websites. A logo or branding can be protected by registered trademark right or the law of passing off. AnyRead MoreBibliography On Intellectual Property Law1669 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment | Intellectual Property law | Term 1 In order for the Bell’s to maintain that they have the right to exploit the taken photo by submitting it into a competition, it must be proven that they hold ownership of the copyright and the work is protected as such. In order to discuss authorship and ownership, the subject matter of protection must be established. In the United Kingdom, there is a closed list of 8 copyright protectable forms of media found in the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988Read MorePiracy Of The Uk And Us1571 Words   |  7 PagesPiracy in the UK US 6. Write about on-line piracy in the UK and the US; what type of property is stolen through on-line piracy and how do courts in the UK and US deal with offences involving on-line piracy? The relevant definition of piracy: The unauthorized use of another s production, invention, or conception especially in infringement of a copyright. (Merriam-Webster, 2015). But not all infringement of copyright is a criminal offense, the Copyright act states a few specific offences, mostRead MoreOverview Of Intellectual Property Rights1651 Words   |  7 Pageshardware. The law was adapted to treat software as such. and as such law was made to treat it rightfully like so I.e. Example law (insert quote here ). An ongoing opening is rife in the world of law that computing has its own law however these this has been dispeled by individuals such as Judge Frank Easterbrook who states there is no such thing as computer law, and goes on to compare justify this statement by useing Dean Gerhard Casper declaration in xxx that there was no law of the horseRead MoreA Study on Investment Income1661 Words   |  7 Pagesis the percentage on the principal and previous interests added to the principal, and are calculated annually. Given that there are different types of income like interest income, leasing, rental, and royalty income interest will have different definitions depending on the type of income it is being calculated on. Interest earned from money rent to another nation, is passive income. This is because; this is a percentage of an amount of money, a nation rent to another. Therefore, since the lendingRead MoreCyber Laws in India and their Implications1817 Words   |  7 PagesCyber Laws in India and their Implications Contents Cyber space – Nature of threat 2 Growth of Internet user Population 3 The Legal Framework 4 The US and the UK Approaches for Data Protection and Privacy 4 The US 4 The UK 5 India’s Legal Framework Meets Most Requirements 5 Indian IT Act 2000 5 Indian Copyright Act 5 Indian Penal Code 5 Indian Contract Act, 1872 5 IT Act of India 2000 6 Proposed Amendments to the IT Act 8 Other Government Measures 9 Cyber space – Nature of threat Read MoreOnline Piracy Essay3020 Words   |  13 Pagesone of them because the music and film industry loses  £5.4bn in a year and if it was reduced by 10% it could have created up to 13 thousand jobs in the UK. There are various attempts taken to fight with online piracy; a case study of Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement will be considered as well as other legislations attempting to regulate copyrights in the Internet. This essay is also going to look at main motives and reasons for online piracy and suggest the solutions. Main obstacles in dealing withRead MoreBibliography On Intellectual Property Rights1775 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is copyright? 4 Why patent over copyright 5 Patentability for and against 5 Work arounds 6 â€Æ' Overview of intellectual property rights and how it relates to Computing Introduction An ongoing debate is rife in the world of law as to whether computing has its own law. However this debate had risen to both national and international levels before it was quelled by individuals such as Judge Frank Easterbrook, who stated in a ground-breaking paper that there is no such thing as computer law (EasterbrookRead MoreComputer Access and Information Storage1730 Words   |  7 Pagesrequirements for more specific laws to regulate the use of computers and storage of data as well as new forensic techniques and tools to investigate such offences. Following this, computer forensic investigators are becoming a necessity for lawyers and barristers as support in both criminal and civil proceedings. â€Æ' What legislation exists in Ireland to handle computer crime? Ireland does not have exclusive law that would deal with computer crime as such, but has two laws that can handle computer crimesRead MoreInformation Is Important And An Imperative For The Conduct Of Business And Commerce2385 Words   |  10 Pagesinformation is shared and transmitted today has necessitated that databases and compilations should be protected. It was held in Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service Co.[ ] that compilations or databases cannot be a subject matter for copyright.[ ] The security and protection of databases and compilations have been advanced in several ways including ‘low authorship’, ‘tort-mis-appropriation’ model and ‘Nordic sui generis. It precluded the adoption of data.[ ] In an effort to fuse strategies

Online tourism information management system Free Essays

string(113) " provider of Jobs on the planet boasts a greater array of heterogeneous stakeholders than many other industries\." Introduction Nowadays, tourism Is one of the most Important Industries globally for many social, economic, technological, and geopolitical reasons. It presents an actual high quantitative and qualitative growth dynamics and potential, with substantial contribution to the global economy and employment, as it is the largest Job provider on the planet. Information is very crucial in tourism sector so it has been among the first to exploit new technologies and innovations. We will write a custom essay sample on Online tourism information management system or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. 1 Background of the project Tourism Is one of the major contributors In the economy of Cube City. The city appends to be one of the most popular destination for travelers In the Philippines. Cube City Is largely known as Queen City. Cube has plenty of tourist attractions that encourages tourists to enter and explore the city. Some tourists may have a difficult time traveling in the city due to a lack of virtual representations of the city that may lead to an enjoyable stay. Tourists should have a virtual tourist guide in traveling inside Cube Island to assist them in every destination they ought to go. To assist Tourists in traveling inside Cube, the researchers proposed to develop an inline tourism information management that allows tourists to search their preferred destination and the system will locate it via map. The system will also provide list of accommodations and transportation guides for the tourist In order to provide an easy way traveling in Cube. Also, the system will provide website links of hotels, restaurants, car rentals, and beach resorts companies so that tourists will be able to reserve online. 1. 2 Project objectives 1. . 1 General objectives This study aims to develop an online tourism information management for tourists in Cube to provide an interactive virtual tourists guide that may assist tourists in traveling in the city. 1. 2. 2 Specific objectives Specifically the study aims to: system; To analyses data gathered; 2) To create a system design based on the data gathered; 3) To develop the proposed system; 4) To test and evaluate the developed system; and 5) To implement the developed online tourism information management system. 1. Significance of the project This project is significant in promoting tourism in Cube and to provide tourists a reliable information that may assist them traveling within Cube. This part of the project discusses about the benefits of creating the system to the following: Students The students can benefit from the system because it will provide additional knowledge in their chosen field. This will also help students in their further projects. Tourists The tourists can benefit from the system because it will provide a decent information and guide for traveling and staying in Cube. Local government The Local government can benefit from the system for it will help to directly boost tourism in the place. Not only that, this will increase the number of people employed. As a whole this will improve the local economy for it will become more industrialized. Business The businesses such as hotels, restaurants, beach resorts, and malls can benefit from the system for it will help gaining more customers that can rapidly increase their respective profits. 1. Scope and limitations of the project This project mainly focused on providing travelers and tourists a virtual tourism information management system that would allow them to search their destinations on a virtual map. The proposed system would make tourists find a simpler way to get information and guidance traveling in the city. The project aimed to develop an online tourism information management system to help boost tourism in Cube and to assist travelers and tourists in traveling in Cube. With the proposed online tourism management information system, the user can search and locate their desired destinations. Provided by website links of hotels, car rentals, restaurants, and beach resorts company, they can make reservations directly in a minimal time frame in these companies. Moreover, the system will provide a more efficient and interactive way of giving information and assistance to the users n terms of traveling in Cube. The proposed system will provide an overview of the region and its attractions. The weapon is user friendly when it comes to LU design. Assist tourists traveling in Cube. The system does not include online reservations and payments instead it will provide website links of companies that has these kind of transactions to help tourists find accommodations. Chapter II Review of related literature One of the essential factors to consider to have a better view of the project and to have a better evaluation on the project’s functionalities, related literature, studies ND works should reviewed, analyses and studied. According to Chou (2004), Tourists need new sources of information in order to help them plan their trips and choose between alternatives tourist destinations. Because it is an information-rich industry, it depends on finding and developing new means to distribute travel and hospitality products and services, marketing information to consumers and providing comfort and convenience travelers. Tourism Management According to Upon (1993) and Sheldon (1997), Technological progress and tourism have been going hand in hand for years. Since the sass, Information Communication Technologies (Acts) have been transforming tourism globally. Developments in Acts have undoubtedly changed both business practices and strategies as well as industry structures (Porter, 2001). The establishment of the Computer Reservation Systems (Cars) in the sass and Global Distribution Systems (Gigs) in the late sass, followed by the development of the Internet in the late sass, have transformed the best operational and strategic practices in the industry dramatically (Bilabials, 2003; business W@tch, 2006; Emmer, Tack, Wilkinson, Moore, 1993; O’Connor, 1999). If the past 20 years have seen an emphasis on technology per SE, then since the year 2000 we have been witnessing the truly transformational effect of the communications technologies. This has given scope for the development of a wide range of new tools and services that facilitate global Tourism as an international industry and as the biggest provider of Jobs on the planet boasts a greater array of heterogeneous stakeholders than many other industries. You read "Online tourism information management system" in category "Papers" The energetic growth and development of the industry are perhaps only mirrored by the growth of Acts. The accelerating and synergistic interaction between genealogy and tourism in recent times has brought fundamental changes in the industry and on our perceptions of its nature. The significance of crossing the new information threshold of universal, ubiquitous communications access has brought the entire tourism industry to the new levels of interactivity, propelling management by wire. Increasingly, Acts play a critical role for the competitiveness of tourism organizations and destinations as well as for the entire industry as a whole (UNTO, 2001). Developments in search engines, carrying capacity and speed of networks eave influenced the number of travelers around the world that use technologies for planning and experiencing their travels. Acts have also changed radically the efficiency and effectiveness of tourism organizations, the way that businesses are conducted in the marketplace, as well as how consumers interact with organizations (Bilabials, 2003). There have been many new entrants among the players on the tourism stage, shifts in market share and balance of power, changes in political perceptions of tourism, and a growing recognition of the importance of tourism to an ever-increasing number of national and regional economies. Innovation Trends on Tourism Tourism firms operate in a business environment where innovation is important for their survival (Sorensen, 2007). Thus, the adoption of innovative methods that will aid every country to promote and support its tourist product, from regional and national tourism organizations to various tourism enterprises can ensure the quality levels and the diversification of services that will lead to the increase of each country’s share in international tourism demand. The main modern trends constitute the reference base for the analysis of the current situation in Greece. Destination Management Systems (DMS) The development of DMS can substantially support and enhance the competitiveness of tourism destinations and specifically of the small and medium tourism enterprises (Kigali, 2009). Chem. Sheldon(1997, p. 159) defined the DMS as an inter- organizational system that links tourist products, suppliers and offers, with consumers and intermediaries in order to enable easy access to complete and up-to- date destination information and allow reservations and purchases. Consumers and demand dimensions Increasingly, Acts enable travelers to access reliable and accurate information as required by conventional methods (O’Connor, 1999). Acts can assist in the improvement of the service quality and contribute to higher guest/traveler satisfaction. Acts place users in the middle of its functionality and product delivery. Every tourist is different, carrying a unique blend of experiences, motivations, and desires. To an extent the new sophisticated traveler has emerged as a result of experience. Tourists from the major generating regions of the world have become request travelers, are linguistically and technologically skilled and can function in multicultural and demanding environments overseas. The development of Acts and particularly the Internet empowered the â€Å"new’ tourist who is becoming knowledgeable and is seeking exceptional value for money and time. They are less interested in following the crowds in packaged tours and much more keen to pursue their own preferences and schedules. Increasingly, package tours are losing market share in favor of independently organized tourism facilitated by dynamic packaging. The contemporary/connected consumer is far less willing to wait or put up with delays, to the point where patience is a disappearing virtue. The key to success lies in the quick identification of consumer needs and in reaching potential clients with comprehensive, personalized and up-to-date products and services that satisfy those needs. Gradually new, experienced, sophisticated, and demanding travelers require interacting with suppliers to satisfy their own specific needs and wishes. Living in a hectic life, consumers in the developed world often have short periods of time to lax their batteries and also to engage in their favorite activities. Leisure time will increasingly be used for â€Å"edutainment†, I. E. The exploration of personal interests for both their personal and professional development. Travel and holidays are one of the most expensive items purchased regularly by households around the world, and it represents a significant proportion of individual’s annual budget. The Internet has changed tourism consumer behavior dramatically (Mills Law, 2004). Prospective travelers have direct access to a much rater wealth of information provided by tourism organizations, private enterprises and increasingly by other users/consumers. From information search, to destination/ product consumption and post experience engagement, Acts offer a range of tools to facilitate and improve the process. Customers search for travel-related information, make online air-ticket bookings, online room reservations, and other online purchases themselves instead of relying on travel agencies to undertake this process for them (Morrison, Jinn, O’Leary, Lapping, 2001). Due to the popularity of Internet applications, most tourism organizations such as hotels, airlines, and travel agencies have embraced Internet technologies as part of their marketing and communication strategies. Information Search is a significant part of the purchase decision process and was revolutionized as a result of the Internet. Acts not only reduce uncertainty and perceived risks but also enhance the quality of trips (Fodders Murray, 1997). The more research undertaken on a trip and the more information found, the better customer needs can be met and served. A well-informed consumer is able to interact ere requirements and to take advantage of special offers and reduced prices. According to Snigger, Mugged, Smelling, and World (1990), the four major factors that influence information search in the tourism context are the composition of vacation groups, the presence of families and friends at the destination, prior visits to the destination, and the degree of novelty associated with the destination. Cursory and McCauley (2004) developed a comprehensive theoretical model that integrated all psychological/motivational, economics, and processing approaches into a cohesive hole for understanding tourists’ information seeking behavior. Virtual communities are gradually becoming incredibly influential in tourism as consumers increasingly trust better their peers, rather than marketing messages. The most cited definition of a virtual community was firstly given by Rheingold (1993, p. 8) as â€Å"a virtual community is a group of people who may or may not meet one another face-to-face, and who exchange words and ideas through the mediation of computer bulletin boards and networks†. A Virtual Travel Community makes it easier or people to obtain information, maintain connections, develop relationships, and eventually make travel-related decisions (Steeplechase, Mills, Kiang, 2007). Pogo and Fisheries (1998) stated that participation and attitude are the primary dimensions o f consumer behavior in the virtual communities. Since many travelers like to share their travel experiences and recommendations with others, Was have become one of their favorite areas to post their travel diary. Additionally, online travelers are enthusiastic to meet other travelers who have similar attitudes, interests, and way of fife (Wang, You, Fisheries, 2002). As such, better understanding WAC users’ behavior and motivation can assist tourism practitioners and policy makers to establish, operate, and maintain Was in a more efficient way. This, in turn, facilitates consumer centric marketing or relationship marketing (Minnie, March, Bilabials, 2006). Was, however, may be at risk of losing members if their members are not satisfied with the content, design, security policies, and repercussions for non- compliance with community rules (Allison, Accrual, Moss, Stuart, 2005; Wang et al. , 002). The emergence of Web 2. 0 or Travel 2. 0 brings together the concept of social networking/virtual communities and applies it to the tourism industry. Trapdoors (www. Trapdoors. Com) is amongst the most successful social networking/virtual community in tourism that facilitates the reviewing of all hotels around the world and brings together individuals in discussion forums. The system provides users with independent travel reviews and comments written from Trapdoors members and expert advisors and provides a powerful platform for interaction between peers Wang Fisheries, Bibb). User satisfaction is a major factor for evaluating a travel organization. By analyzing Was’ content, travel organizations can understand their customers’ satisfactions and behavior, and undertake corrective actions to improve their offering. They can also increase brand awareness and strengthen brand association through the assistance of Was. Despite Was’ large potential impact on the tourism industry, Prince (2000) stated that research on the topic is still at an infancy stage when compared to other geographical and physical communities. Recommender System receiving indications about what options are better suited in a specific case for specific individuals (Greeter, Mitch, Hang, Fisheries, 2004; Arsenic Varian, 1997). According to Rich (2002), a recommender system can provide valuable information to assist consumers’ decision-making process. A recommender system can support travelers in a complex decision-making process by identifying better customer requirements and by correlating those to other consumers and their preferences ( Fisheries, Worthier, W ¶beer, 2003; Rich Worthier (2002) and Rich Worthier (2006)). Personality has been related to the selection of vacation destinations, the choice of leisure activities throughout the vacation, and other travel- related decisions. According to LOL, Lorenz, Ashland, Location (2004), when implementing tourism recommender systems, textual summary is used to classify the database item in themes or categories of the ontology. Although different recommendation technologies have been applied to tourism, Arabians and Rich (2005) argued that the existence of different business models present application challenges. How to cite Online tourism information management system, Papers

Reflective Essay and Investigation of Certain Events

Question: Write the reflective essay and investigation of certain events. Answer: Introduction: The reflective essay includes observation and investigation of certain events. This form of learning is much more advancing than any other types of academic processes to learn, though it is more difficult and challenging compared to academic learning. The best way to get educated about the hospitality industries are through experiences which have been accumulated by the internships, and gaining experiencing through practical learning. These types of learning influence the students to step out of their box. As hospitality industries in countries like Australia and other parts of Sri Lanka, etc. consist a huge industrial part. This is because the tourism covers a huge portion of the world. As tourism is directly related to the hospitality service, therefore, it also is studied with great emphasis on the theory as well as hand-on experiences, which would boost up the practical skills of the intern, the students and the employees as well. This is because reflective learning comprises of the expression of emotions, errors, anxieties, and the interactions with different types of people in different parts of the world. This learning process includes the experience and feelings of the individuals who have been accumulated from different good and bad occurrence that have taken place in the working process (Griffith, 2016). The reflective learning on the hospitality industries includes on the experience that has gathered through the works and practical deeds in the hospitality industries of different places where the working process have conducted for internship and working purposes. Therefore, it includes certain features, such as: 1) it integrates both practice and theory- it is to identify the important aspects of the reflection of the experience. The evaluation of the experience and occurrence are to be noted and to be displayed theoretically. 2) It discovers the learning outcome of the experiences- identifications can be done on the errors, and can be sorted out in the next plan for the reflective learning process. "There is no place like home". Though this is for the people, who have not explored the external world out of their sweet home. But my perspective towards this idea is totally different after the reflective learning which I have gone through. During the span of my visit, I have learned various skills which provided great feedbacks. Among variable parts of the world in which I want to go for internships in the hospitality industries for much time of my life, I mostly think of some places like Sri Lanka, Japan, Australia, India, etc. and other parts of the world in general. The countries which have suitable hospitality are the places of much importance to me. Places providing comfortable accommodations, foods, lingual aspects, places and hospitality, which includes flexible working ambience, etc., are the places of preferences for my assignments (Mauroux et al., 2015). Discussion: I was fortunate enough to explore and learn different types of factors that are related to the hospitality industries where the assignment has been accommodated. Here, through my internship program, I am aiming to connect the link between the theory and the practice. So, I have to continuously compare the two respectively. Different places of the working include the different impact of the cultures, language, foods, behaviours and professional communications, etc. with huge variations. I have been upgraded with more knowledge on certain subjects with different ideas; the way of visualising the professional world of hospitality has increased to a huge extent. Due to this type of working experiences which I have gone through, I have had the chance of learning different types of languages of a different part of the world. This has helped me to communicate with the people and grasps the cultural values and the working experience. As a result of which the skill of communicating with the p eople of the other countries influenced my communicative property at my workplace. Therefore, the improvements in education, as well as the external behavior, have been influenced on a positive note. I could acquire a certain informative knowledge about respective hospitality industries of different parts of the world which were included in my working assignments. The cultural variations of different workplaces, in general, have influenced me in gaining knowledge on their respective cultural values and based on their cultural histories (Willen et al., 2013). Such as, the hospitality industrial cultures of Sri Lanka is somewhat differed from cultures of other parts of the world. On another note, the foods and the hospitality etiquettes of Sri Lanka are more or less similar with the southern parts of India. Sri Lanka is associated just adjacent to the southern India on of Indian Ocean, and it also is known as the "pearl of the Indian Ocean". Due to the advancement of the globalization, it has become more important to understand the industrial difference in variable workplaces, especially the hospitality industries. There were few moments where I was provided with positive supervision by the well-trained supervisors. For example, at dinner a couple was in a dilemma of having which type of cuisine to have, they enquired the suggestion from me as the person in charge at that time. Here I got exposure to deal the situation with high maturity and elegance to suggest the guest with the matter. I asked the couple for traditional or continental foods because my respectable workplace was famous for these two flavours of the cuisine (Armstrong et al., 2014). Likewise, I suggested them to the best stuff which could be served by our chefs, and the hospitality team. Therefore, I could learn the how to express a professional as well as a humble approach towards the guests of any place. This helped me to get knowledge on the behaviours and the way to serving the customers with a positive body language and responsibility. The cultural differences in the world are generally due to the different religions and cultures from variable nationalities. I have gone through various similar cultures too. This is basically due to general topics and religions following same propaganda and same stereotypic mythologies. To adapt these variable types of cultures became very difficult for me with the pros and cons which are included in the religion values. But as correspondence of time, the adoption of the cultural values became easy for me to understand and apply in the practical life. Therefore, the reflections which I have accumulated through these practical assessments include clear and focused knowledge which is much more than the theoretical learning only contained within few pages of books. The sources of evidence which are included as my physical learning are the most important data which I had to collect and put it in a t heoretical manner and apply them in suitable situations (Calhoun et al., 2015). Another valuable aspect of my experience is the harmony and control of the places and countries which are included in the respectable practical learning on hospitality works. For example, Americans have a spotlight on the control and mastery, where as the Chinese are more focused on maintaining the balance and harmony throughout their treatment and hospitality. Therefore, I have come to know the different types of professional etiquettes which apply to different hospitality industries of different parts of the world. On the other hand professionalism and meeting included in the professional world within Asia varies with different countries of the world. Disagreeing the older person may involve an inappropriate impression on the person. I have seen the maintenance of harmony and discipline in the workplaces, in respectable parts of the world which have highlighted the hospital industries on top. I have gained more knowledge on the professional and personal mutualisms across the world. As a result of which I have come to know, several professional rules of Asia and other parts of the World, which would help me to increase the professional values and business etiquettes. Business values would help me to establish by future and may help me to explore various parts of the world for professional purposes with no complicacy. This will eventually much more helpful than the academic learning, which is much more oriented to the books and stipulated concepts (Brotherton, 2012). Another thing which I came across during my industrial experiences is the individuality and collectivity. While different cultures are included in different work teams, the meaning of team varies from different places. For example, the collective culture of India and China portrays team roles which are shared and fluid, where the people confer a mutual understanding and pitching in wherever and whenever required. Whereas, the mixed cultures in Russia, Germany, Italy, and Brazil, etc. the predilection equal distribution of the rewards. Another well known aspect of the countries of the world where I have been for the learning assignments is the food and more specifically the different traditional cuisine and cooking. I have come across variable cuisine of the various places which reflects the broad diversity of the respectable places. As per the modern population, the traditional cuisines are modified in several places. I have understood that the spices and cooking procedure of countri es differ to the high extent (Green et al., 2014). The learning from the working in the hospitality industries makes a compelling and psychological experience that makes the learner produce an interaction power and responds from the learning environment. The different terms used in the core industrial part can be well identified and discussed through the entire process. The students possessing reflective learning are positively prone to the activities of structured learning. Therefore, I was provided with time to observe, reflect, and think different aspects of the physical hospitality industries, and I was allowed to work in a detailed manner. The theorists act on logically which is mostly on rational structures without methodical explorations and opportunities to work on, at different workplaces. I was supported with liberal vocational on delivering the course. Hence, the practical education has grown to improve the skills to cope with the employment. The subject of tourism combines academic as well as the vocational aspects which have been described as an aggregative approach of education' that has been stated for the employment (Lub et al., 2012). During the work experience in the hospitality industries, I was allocated to different departments such as the banquet kitchen, the guest servicing department, the grade manager, etc. where is got to know about the knowledge of local foods, customer behaviors, work ethics, etc. My duration of the work experience I was able to grasp the atmosphere and the work ethics in each and every department of the industry. I was curious about each and every aspect throughout my experience that I had consulted the executives of different departments to know the problems which can be faced by the guests. Moreover, I have put a strict notice on providing food with good quality to the guests, so that no complaints come from them against the management. I care for people, and I appeared for the customers' requirements and tried to serve with both brain and heart. Though there were language differentiations where I have been, therefore, I always preferred to speak in English with the higher authority of the business associates. I had attended conferences like the hospitality initiative conferences where English was the predominant language. Teamwork is also essential, which I have learned in this practical academic process. The most important factors that I have learned in this process are like team work, efficient and effective working, and fulfilling customer needs maintaining demand of the higher level (N.Torres et al., 2013). My entire team was sufficient enough to adjust to the problematic circumstances which may come in the process of working in the work places. Practice makes a man perfect that I believe to get a work satisfaction in the field of hospitality industries. The most important part of the hospitality industry is the management department including the core of hospitality management. It includes the skills or qualifications on manipulating a nd managing the entire hospitality of a country or a stipulated part of the place. The institution, in which I belong to, provides great support for the internship in my work places. This is because the academic learning was potentially provided by my institute (Kandampully et al., 2015). The most interesting program which held in the banquet of my work place was a luxurious wedding. I came across various tasks which were important for my exploring skills in the industry. Large amounts ingredients were utilized and being cooked with high quality and processing for the consumption of the guests in the wedding reception. There were many chefs and cooks in the Department of a kitchen for fast assistance. At the end of the event majority of the cooks and the chefs cleaned their respective places, spaces, or station which they used during the preparation of foods, decorating for the respective event. Therefore from the events which I have explored through the work process, I have come across a positive outcome of the managing skills which are very important for me to survive and achieve success in the field of hospitality industries through the world. However, as an outcome of the reflective learning through my work process, I could effectively know the power of branding i n the sectors of hotels, hospitality, contract foodservice, and the tourisms, etc. (Karatepe et al., 2013). Conclusions: I believe that the work experiences have not only polished me to manage things with intelligence, and positive attitudes but also helped me to gain knowledge about other countries as well as my country. The roots of the culture, the specifications of the local cuisine and the behaviour of the people in the work place as well as the local people of the places which I have surfed for work experiences. The ambience of the workplace matters to a potential level. To feel the ambience and to behave accordingly is the best way to survive in the industry genuinely related to the tourism, culture, language, cuisine, and the basic of a respected country (Jones et al., 2016). These experiences will help me not only in graduating but gathering a practical knowledge on the subjects and attributes of the industries. The external challenges which would be solved by the learners of their own have great intensities to increase their ability to make a sudden decision as well as a cleared vision on the industrial cultures and etiquettes pursued in the hospitality industries. The learners can know the skills of excellent employment opportunities. The cultural values differ to a great extent in different countries; therefore, the countries with high traditional and cultural values should be treated with a protocol which is entirely different from the service provided to the countries having western values and of modernised cultures. This shift in the view is only possible when students, learners, interns as well as the employees under go certain exposure to the practical fields and the practical situations. Understanding the facts is not possible with academic learning through books. But it could be easily achieved by the practical learning and hand on knowledge which will effective emphasize on actual state in the industries that I have been grateful to experience through. References: Altinay, L., Paraskevas, A., Jang, S. S. (2015).Planning research in hospitality and tourism. Routledge. Armstrong, G. A., Kofman, A., Sharpless, J. J., Anthony, D., Wald, H. S. (2014). Bringing our whole person to whole person care: Fostering reflective capacity with interactive reflective writing in health professions education.International Journal of Whole Person Care,1(1). Brotherton, B. (Ed.). (2012).International Hospitality Industry. Routledge. Buhalis, D., Crotts, J. (2013).Global alliances in tourism and hospitality management. Routledge. Calhoun, J., Douglas, A. (2015). An Analysis of Hospitality and Tourism Research: Learning Organizations (LO) Influence.Handbook of Research on Global Hospitality and Tourism Management, 359. Fraj, E., Matute, J., Melero, I. (2015). Environmental strategies and organizational competitiveness in the hotel industry: The role of learning and innovation as determinants of environmental success.Tourism Management,46, 30-42. Green, A. J., Sammons, G. E. (2014). Student learning styles: Assessing active learning in the hospitality learners model.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Education,26(1), 29-38. Jones, P., Hillier, D., Comfort, D. (2016). Sustainability in the hospitality industry: some personal reflections on corporate challenges and research agendas.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(1). Kandampully, J., Zhang, T., Bilgihan, A. (2015). Customer loyalty: a review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), 379-414. Karatepe, O. M. (2013). High-performance work practices and hotel employee performance: The mediation of work engagement.International Journal of Hospitality Management,32, 132-140. Li, L., Gray, D. E., Lockwood, A. J., Buhalis, D. (2013). Learning about managing the business in the hospitality industry.Human Resource Development Quarterly,24(4), 525-559. Lub, X., Nije Bijvank, M., Matthijs Bal, P., Blomme, R., Schalk, R. (2012). Different or alike? Exploring the psychological contract and commitment of different generations of hospitality workers.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,24(4), 553-573. Mauroux, L., Zufferey, J. D., Rodondi, E., Cattaneo, A., Motta, E., Gurtner, J. L. (2015). Writing reflective learning journals: promoting the use of learning strategies and supporting the development of professional skills. InWriting for Professional Development(pp. 107-128). Brill. O'Mahony, B. (2015). Quality in hospitality and tourism education: government dictates versus academic praxis.Quality Assurance in Education,23(4). Pantouvakis, A., Bouranta, N. (2013). The interrelationship between service features, job satisfaction and customer satisfaction: evidence from the transport sector.The TQM Journal,25(2), 186-201. Peter Lugosi, Paul Lynch ."Critical Hospitality Management Research".Academia.edu. N.p., 2016. Web. 20 May 2016. Prudhomme, B., Raymond, L. (2013). Sustainable development practices in the hospitality industry: An empirical study of their impact on customer satisfaction and intentions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,34, 116-126. ReflectiveEssays-Essays- Library Guides At Griffith University".Libraryguides.griffith.edu.au. N.p., 2016. Web. 19 May 2016. Ruhanen, L., Breakey, N., Robinson, R. (2012). Knowledge exchange and networks: a new destination for tourism internships?. Current Issues in Tourism, 15(3), 183-196. Wan, Y. K. P., Wong, I. A., Kong, W. H. (2014). Student career prospect and industry commitment: The roles of industry attitude, perceived social status, and salary expectations.Tourism Management,40, 1-14. Whitelaw, P., Benckendorff, P., Gross, M., Mair, J., Jose, P. (2015). Tourism, Hospitality Events Learning and Teaching Academic Standards. Willen, S. S., Carpenter-Song, E. (2013). Cultural competence in action:Lifting the hood on four case studies in medical education.Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry,37(2), 241-252. Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P., Theocharous, A. L. (2014). Job involvement, commitment, satisfaction and turnover: Evidence from hotel employees in Cyprus.Tourism Management,41, 129-140.

How to Read Literature Like a Professor (PS-SQ) Flashcard

How to Read Literature Like a Professor (PS-SQ)

Definition and Examples of Apologia in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Apologia in Rhetoric Definition: In classical rhetoric, communication studies, and public relations, an apologia is a  speech that defends, justifies, and/or apologizes for an action or statement. Plural: apologia. Adjective: apologetic. Also known as a  speech of self-defense. In an article* in the Quarterly Journal of Speech (1973), B.L. Ware and W.A. Linkugel identified four common strategies in apologetic discourse: denial (directly or indirectly rejecting the substance, intent, or consequence of the questionable act) bolstering (attempting to enhance the image of the individual under attack) differentiation (distinguishing the questionable act from more serious or harmful actions) transcendence (placing the act in a different context) *They Spoke in Defense of Themselves: On the Generic Criticism of Apologia See Examples and Observations below. Also see: OratoryPersuasionRhetoric What Are the Three Branches of Rhetoric? EtymologyFrom the Greek, away from speech Examples and Observations There may be several purposes for apologia rhetoric, including to explain the behavior or statement in a positive light, justify the behavior to minimize damage to image and character, or remove the topic from public discussion so that other issues may be discussed.(Colleen E. Kelley, The Rhetoric of First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton: Crisis Management Discourse. Praeger, 2001) The Rhetoric of Damage ControlSome genres are so complex and high stakes that they require a special kind of rhetorical maneuvering and critical assessment. One such animal is what Aristotle called an apologiaor what we label today as the rhetoric of self-defense, damage-control, image-repair, or crisis management. . . .Its indebtedness to all three genres [deliberative, judicial, and epideictic], but its allegiance to none, makes the apologia a challenging rhetorical hybrid to create and critique (Campbell Huxman, 2003, pp. 293-294). . . . .The genre [of apologia] is a public purging of sins and a reaffirmat ion of the ethical norms of society dressed up in theatrical proportions to bring pleasure to spectators; it is the most intimate form of secular discourse. Success in this arena requires a let it all hang out (remorse, pride, outrage) approach. The visual media are especially equipped to provide the excess and exaggeration that this type of theater demands.(Susan Schultz Huxman, Exigencies, Explanations, and Executions: Toward a Dynamic Theory of the Crisis Communications Genre. Responding to Crisis: A Rhetorical Approach to Crisis Communication, ed. by Dan P. Millar and Robert L. Heath. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004) BP CEOs Apologia for the Gulf Oil Spill (May 31, 2010)The first thing to say is Im sorry. . . . We’re sorry for the massive disruption it’s caused their lives. There’s no one who wants this over more than I do. I would like my life back.†(Tony Hayward, televised speech in Venice, Louisiana, May 31, 2010) Bill Clintons Apologia: The Monica Lewinsky Affair (Aug. 17, 1998)Good evening.This afternoon in this room, from this chair, I testified before the Office of Independent Counsel and the grand jury.I answered their questions truthfully, including questions about my private life, questions no American citizen would ever want to answer.Still, I must take complete responsibility for all my actions, both public and private. And that is why I am speaking to you tonight.As you know, in a deposition in January, I was asked questions about my relationship with Monica Lewinsky. While my answers were legally accurate, I did not volunteer information.Indeed, I did hav e a relationship with Miss Lewinsky that was not appropriate. In fact, it was wrong. It constituted a critical lapse in judgment and a personal failure on my part for which I am solely and completely responsible.But I told the grand jury today and I say to you now that at no time did I ask anyone to lie, to hide or destroy evidence or to take any other unlawful action.I know that my public comments and my silence about this matter gave a false impression. I misled people, including even my wife. I deeply regret that.I can only tell you I was motivated by many factors. First, by a desire to protect myself from the embarrassment of my own conduct.I was also very concerned about protecting my family. The fact that these questions were being asked in a politically inspired lawsuit, which has since been dismissed, was a consideration, too.In addition, I had real and serious concerns about an independent counsel investigation that began with private business dealings 20 years ago, dealing s I might add about which an independent federal agency found no evidence of any wrongdoing by me or my wife over two years ago.The independent counsel investigation moved on to my staff and friends, then into my private life. And now the investigation itself is under investigation.This has gone on too long, cost too much and hurt too many innocent people.Now, this matter is between me, the two people I love mostmy wife and our daughterand our God. I must put it right, and I am prepared to do whatever it takes to do so.Nothing is more important to me personally. But it is private, and I intend to reclaim my family life for my family. Its nobodys business but ours.Even presidents have private lives. It is time to stop the pursuit of personal destruction and the prying into private lives and get on with our national life.Our country has been distracted by this matter for too long, and I take my responsibility for my part in all of this. That is all I can do.Now it is timein fact, it i s past time to move on.We have important work to doreal opportunities to seize, real problems to solve, real security matters to face.And so tonight, I ask you to turn away from the spectacle of the past seven months, to repair the fabric of our national discourse, and to return our attention to all the challenges and all the promise of the next American century.Thank you for watching. And good night.(President Bill Clinton, televised speech to the American public, August 17, 1998) Pronunciation: AP-eh-LOW-je-eh

Practical UNIX Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Practical UNIX Security - Assignment Example However, these modules require frequent updates for virus definitions and new threats, which may affect the network anytime. Every now and then, new threats are designed and developed by hackers or cyber criminals. In spite of securing the networks and data centers, with the most updated and advanced security modules, there is still a probability of a new threat to intrude into the network. In addition, hackers and cyber criminals are exploring efficient codes day by day to improve the hacking software, in order to breach in to classified information, banks, online websites etc. As the threats and vulnerabilities are infinite, no one can memorize them in order to take a measured approach, the initial step is to identify the vulnerability type. An organization named as CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposure) provides a database to search for a particular public known vulnerability. The sponsors for CVE are US-CERT and managed by MITRE Corporation. The goal is to provide common names for all publicly known security threats and exposures. In order to extract information from CVE, access of National Vulnerability Database is mandatory (NVD) (Cve. 2011). (CVE) The Standard A comprehensive definition is available on the CVE website, which states as â€Å"Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE ®) is a dictionary of common names (i.e., CVE Identifiers) for publicly known information security vulnerabilities, while its Common Configuration Enumeration (CCEâ„ ¢) provides identifiers for security configuration issues and exposures. CVE’s common identifiers make it easier to share data across separate network security†. One more definition available in network dictionary states it as â€Å"common vulnerabilities and exposure is an emerging refers industry standard for identifying and naming vulnerabilities and various other information security exposures† (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures. 2007). The primary objective of CVE is to provide a separate database accessible, in order to find out all the known threats and vulnerabilities currently, with the help of tools and services. What is CVE 3872 ? As CVE 3872 is a threat that operates on web technologies, before understanding CVE 3872, it is vital to focus on some of the web technologies that are associated with CVE 3872. Common Gateway Interface A newly developed website providing information must possess a database to store information, which is published on the website. In general, many people on the Internet will visit the website and access information, which is extracted from the database. This is where the importance of Common Gateway Interface (CGI) becomes useful. Dave Chaffy defines it as â€Å"A method of processing information on a web server in response to a customer’s request. Typically, a user will fill in a Web-based form and a CGI script (application) will process the results. Active Server Pages (ASP) are an alternative to a CGI script† (Chaffey 2006). Moreover, if the users query the database of the website, the CGI script will transmit the queries to the database and retrieves results on the website. It has become a standard for synchronizing information servers from external web applications. CGI is eminent in the form of a plain HTML file which his static, while CGI operates in a real time environment to display dynamic contents on a website. An

Case 9A (Middlehurst House) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case 9A (Middlehurst House) - Coursework Example A few though especially those who have children in 5-6 age group do not support any increase. Both scenarios will be analyzed separately to determine the best way forward. Decreasing the size of the class and increasing tuition fee by 25% will not be the best thing to do since the business will operate at a loss. However, a decrease in class size followed by a 50% increase in tuition fee will be favored since the later generates $4,780 in profit. Both options, however, yield positive marginal profit as seen but fixed costs eat into the profits generated in the first option. From the analysis, the best increase to maintain current profit levels would probably be X-(6,970+22,150) = 500 gives 29,620 for X. This is 8,120 more than the current revenue (21,500) which translates to 8,120/21500*100 = 37.7% required increase if the partnership must maintain the current profit levels after decreasing classes. Creating of new classes will raise the cost especially by the new tutors who will be required to teach the extra students. Classes will not be functioned at their capacity, and this will lead to a loss of $261 as shown in the calculations above. It is therefore not the best decision for the daycare home. It is profitable to create new classes from the waiting list while keeping small. This will generate $5,117, which is $4,617 more than the current profits. Other factors have to be carefully analyzed apart from the current costs (Brewer, 2008). Starting an infant class will be a good thing to do if classes are decreased and new rates are in effect. The effect of adding a single infant class is evaluated below. According to Hoffjan & WÃ ¶mpener (2006), evaluation of several situations is necessary to arrive at the best. From the analysis, the management is best placed if it does two simultaneous decisions at the same time i.e. decreasing class size by increasing tuition fee by 37.7% and starting of

CASE ASSIGNMENT MODULE 5 MGT 516 Total Rewards Essay

CASE ASSIGNMENT MODULE 5 MGT 516 Total Rewards - Essay Example This paper aims at comparing and contrasting the total rewards system with the traditional approach of compensation. Also, the paper will discuss in detail the advantages and disadvantages of total rewards program from the views of the employees as well as from the perspective of employers. A brief discussion of how total rewards are impacted by the legal environment has also been included. Total Rewards: Rewards have been a common element right from the beginning. Be it the barter systems used in the early years or the various compensation plans used in the current times. These have all been the basis for the motivation of people across the world. It was in 1990 that the system of total rewards was introduced and here people around the world were thinking of newer and more effective ways for compensations and benefits (Chen and Hsieh). Also, it was here that aspects such as tangible and intangible methods of motivating employees were being focused upon. The main aim and intension of the total rewards was mainly to retain the employees within the company (Johnston). The following section will detail a comparison and contrast of the total rewards system with the traditional approach of compensation. ... The traditional method of rewards was the same for all employees within the company, the total rewards system on the other hand is focused on only working towards retaining the best in the company. In the traditional approach, the compensations re generally bargain able and employers have a chance to bargain with the employees based on the job market. On the other hand, the total reward style of remuneration is based more so on the employees and their individual value. Another major difference here is that the total rewards are focused on all aspects of the pay, the entire remuneration, including all the direct as well as indirect wages and also prerequisites likewise (Reference for Business). The traditional system however focuses on the basic pay and the added benefits based on the individuals contracts. The traditional approach is more focused on aspects like the hierarchy of the individual, and the position within the company. On the other hand for the total rewards, the focus is more on the individuals work performance and skills (Reynolds). Here hierarchy does not play a major role. Advantages and Disadvantages: Total rewards system have a number of advantages and disadvantages likewise. The following sub sections will detail the advantages and disadvantages from the view of the employer and the employees. Employer’s Perspective: The total rewards in terms of the employer’s perspective, there are a number of issues. Firstly, this proves to be a more expensive approach. The company can have a much higher level of cost savings if another method of payment is to be used for the employees. Also, this method can lead to a number of additional and unnecessary

Impact Of Casino Gambling On Crime In Singapore

Impact Of Casino Gambling On Crime In Singapore Gambling is an illegal activity in Singapore. Under the Singapore law, only those with licenses such as, Singapore Pools and The Singapore Turf Club are legally to offer gambling to the public. Sport betting, horseracing, and lottery wagers are only allow for persons of age 21 and above. In 2006, Singapore government decided to allow two new Integrated Resorts, the Marina Bay Sand and Resorts World Sentosa with casinos. The government believes that these two Integrated Resorts would provide a strong boost to the economy and job opportunity to the country. The decision by the Singapore government to set up two integrated resorts with casinos has stirred up some debate among its citizens. Some people think that having casinos could mean more people gambling and getting themselves or their families involved in trouble such as crime. In addition, social problems like bankruptcy, divorce, suicide, income loss and problem gambling may also be increased after a casino was introduced in Sing apore. Singapore has just officially opened its two casinos in February and April 2010. The government has enhanced the regulation of casino gambling in order to mitigate the negative effects of gambling. The new casino gambling laws has provided a number of social safeguards to prevent Singapore citizens and permanent residents from becoming problem gamblers. These social safeguards include entry levies, credit and loss limits, self-exclusion order and protection of minors (MCYS 2005). Objectives According to The Straits Times (2004), Singapore has become No.3 in the world in terms of gambling per capital without a casino. Many Singaporean like to travel to Genting Highland (Malaysia) and gamble at its casino. Some on them would also go on Star Cruise to try out their luck on the limited number of slots and gambling tables. Gambling is not new to the average Singaporean but having a casino is a relatively new phenomenon in Singapore. Hence, this proposed research will focus on the relationship between casinos and crime in Singapore. The research will also assess the quality of life before and after the casinos opened in Singapore, and measure the effectiveness of social safeguards. A survey will be conducted to determine the public perceptions of changes in crime and the quality of life that may have accompanied the advent of casinos. In addition, qualitative data reflecting quality of life will be gathered from interviews of community leaders, police officers, businessperson s and social service providers. Finally, recommendations for actions to help to combat casino gambling-related crime will also be discussed in the research. The followings are some hypotheses (H) that I will be investigate in this research: H1. Casinos gambling increase crime. H2. Casinos gambling have negative effects on quality of life. H3. Higher casino levy will not be more effective in deterring problem gamblers. Literature Review Casinos are often associated with criminal activity. A number of studies in the United States and Canada that have analyzed the relationship between casino gambling and crime have yield contradictory and inconclusive results. Grinols wrote the article: Casino gambling causes crime in 2000 and he has pointed out that the evidence in his research has shown that casino gambling causes significant increases in crime. According to the article, a number of pathological gamblers have lost control over their gambling behavior, personal lives and job. They relied on other to provide money to relieve a desperate financial situation caused by gambling. Moreover, some of them got themselves involved in illegal activities. One of study gamblers in treatment found that 62 percent committed crimes because of their gambling and nearly 400 members of Gamblers anonymous showed that 57 percent admitted stealing to finance their gambling (E.L.Grinols 2000). The study proves that casino gambling related to crime. In the same year, Grinols conducted a research (Casinos, Crime and Community Costs, June 2000) with Professor David Mustard, Cynthia Hunt Dilley to examine crime statistics for all 3,165 counties in the United States from 1977 to 1996. They looked at local crime rates before and after casinos opened. The data shows that crime rate increased after the casino had begun operation in the majority of the casino counties. However, the data also indicate that there was no significant rise in crime rates for the first three years after casino opened and the crime rates began to rise in casino counties after three years. The study concludes that the crime rate in the casino counties is higher than counties without casino. Las Vegas, for example, the crime rate is higher than other counties. This study has certain limitations that need to be taken into account when considering its contribution. There are many strengths and limitations of official statistics (crime statistics). They offer the opportunity to identify trends in crime overtime as well as look at more than just the crime committed by problem and pathological gamblers. However, these data only show the rate of recorded crimes and they may not be an accurate reflection to the actual crime being committed in society. In addition, researcher may also find it difficult to analyze the share of crime related to casinos from the mass of other crime that occurs all the time. It is difficult to prove that the advent of casino has the direct effects on crime. Thus, researchers have to get various sources in order to prove the validity and reliability of their study. Grinols and Mustard did another the study in February 2006 on Casinos, Crime, and Community Costs. The study is a remarkable contribution to the gambling literature. The study provide as detailed discussion of theoretical connection between casinos and crime. The authors discuss two potential factors through which casinos may reduce crime. First, if casinos provide labor market for low-skilled workers, crime may fall. Second, economic growth effects attributable to casino gambling that could reduce crime. On the other hand, they also discuss the five potential negative effects of casinos on crime. First, casinos drain the local economy of resources and may harm economic development. Second, casinos may contribute to an increased crime payoff. Third, casinos may increase the number of pathological gamblers, and this can lead to more crime. Fourth, casinos may also attract criminal activities, resulting in more crime. Finally, casinos may induce a change in local population, towards one more apt to commit crimes. According to the result of the study, casino gambling has generated externality costs, and crime is one of the biggest components of these social costs. Grinols and Mustard believe that the social costs of casinos are greater than benefits. Joseph Friedman, Simon Hakim and J. Weinblatt did a study in 1989 on Casino gambling as growth pole strategy and its effect on crime. They have found that casinos had increased the level of crime in Atlantic City. Another study, done in 1989 by Simon Hakim, Andrew J. Buck and Uriel Spiegel, centered on Atlantic City and 64 communities in surrounding area. They assume that casinos in an areas increase the crime rate in that area. Based on their (Hakim and Buck) theory, the opening of a new public area such as casino will attract attention that is more public and create opportunities for criminal. However, Eadington (1996) argues that the introduction of theme parks or resorts into an area could have similar negative effects as do casinos on the areas crime. For example, the crime rate has been increased after the Mall of America (super-regional shopping mall) opened in Bloomington, Minnesota (R.Garcia, L. Nicholls 1995). Hence, Eadington (1995, p7) has concluded that there is no compelling evidence that crime rates in cities with casinos are much different than in cities with tourist attractions in general. His argument is similar to Hakim and Bucks theory but he suggest that the crime rate increased is not due to the casino per se. Scott T. Horn, a New York civil appeals lawyer disagrees with Hakim and Bucks theory. He did a study on Casinos and Crime: Dont Bet On it in 1997, which concluded that there is probably no relationship between casinos gambling and total crime rate. To overcome the weaknesses of the Hakim-Buck model, Scott develop a model to predict the casino gambling on crime rate by using data from crime statistics and FBIs Crime Report. According to his theory, cities with significant number of casinos, the increase in casinos, which would in turn increase in crime rate, would have little impacts on overall crime rates. This is because there has been a decline in the novelty effect. The results and conclusion of the study differed from the studies that I have mentioned earlier. Horn (1997, p4) concludes that, the effect of casinos on crime will decrease at a decreasing rate with each additional casino opened in any given region. Las Vegas has over 250 casinos, Macau has 28, Singapore has two now. Based on Horns theory, the effect of casinos on crime rate in Singapore would be more significant than Las Vegas or Macau when a casino first open in Singapore. However, the crime rate would decrease with the opening of second or even the third casino. Few studies have also examined the effects of casinos on crime. Those studies that have analyzed the relationship between casino gambling and crime have yielded contradictory results. Most of them are using vague references to survey or fanciful figures to support their claims. U.S News World Report perform a computer analysis and shows that town with casinos have experienced a rise in crime at the same time it was dropping for the nation as a whole (S.T.Horn 1997). However, in terms of validity, the present result may not be accurate and reasonable reliable because the report never mentioned on how the computer analyzed the data. There are many studies focus on the relationship between casino gambling and crime in the United States, only a handful of studies have examined the casino gambling in Asia. Macau is openly known as a casino state in Asia. It has more than 30 casinos and 4,600 gaming tables, which has overtaken Las Vegas in terms of gaming revenue (China Daily, 2009). However, the total number of crime in this island city has increased from 4,717 in 1987 to 8,576 in 1996 over the last decade. Crime rate per capita has increased from 14.11 per 1,000 people in 1987 to 20.62 per 1,000 people in 1996 (S.H. Lo 2005). This has created a serious social problems directly affect the residents daily life. Nevertheless, the crime statistics may not be able to reflect the reality as some people may not report the crime because of the complicated procedures and time wasted. Despite the proliferation of legalized casino gambling in Asia, Europe and United States, it remains controversial with regard to both its effect on crime as well as its effects on the diverse socio-economic aspects of the community. According to a study (H. Lesieur 1996) on gambling and crime, a heavy concentration of casinos in an area is associated with tourism-related crime and some communities with casinos have little or no measurable crime impact. The author also claims that the pathological gamblers may commit crimes to finance their gambling (H. Lesieur 1996). Yet, the UCR (Uniform Crime Reporting Survey) measures are not precise enough to gauge all changes in the incidence of crime. Casino is often used as a panacea for economic ills. Casino gambling in the United States has provided new capital investments, jobs and some degree of economic vitality to areas that were in need of economic revitalization (B.G. Stitt, M. Nicholas 2000). On the other hand, casinos do change peoples pattern of spending and saving. For example, in 1992, a study has reported that Americans spent more on legal gambling than on other leisure activities such as reading or watching movies (S.Simurda 1994). In addition, the impact of casinos on a community quality of life is difficult to gauge. For example, casinos bring tourists and entertainment but other recreational amenities (theaters, karaoke lounges, and restaurants) bring traffic, noise and a change in communitys traditional social and cultural environment. Whether the change is in positive or negative, it all depends on the individual and his or her view of gambling, and the changes it brings to a community. Ultimately, the evalua tion of casinos impact on a country may well depend on the countrys pre-casino well being, as well as each individuals assessment of the benefit and detriments that casinos bring to the country, and to each individuals lifestyle (B.G. Stitt, M. Nicholas 2000). Methodology and Data Collection In order to produce a more comprehensive understanding of the study, a multi-method approach will be applied to examine the immediate effects of the casino gambling on crime, quality of life, economic development, and social costs. To analyze these issues, I have chosen Singapore where casino gambling has recently been introduced. Information will be obtaining by conducting a survey and a series of in-depth interviews with selected participants. I will use both quantitative and qualitative data to analyze the various short terms impacts that the introduction of casino gambling may have on Singapore. The following types of information will be gathered: 1. Obtaining the crime statistic from Singapore Police Force (SPF) 2. Conducting a public opinion survey 3. Gathering the data on the crime and quality of life by interviewing community leaders (Member of Parliament), police officers, businesspersons, problem gamblers, and social service providers 4. Gathering data on local quality of life from public sources (e.g., suicide data from Registry of Births and Deaths, Singapore Immigration and Registration; bankruptcy statistic from Singapore Ministry of Law; divorce rate from The State of the Family in Singapore Report) 5. Collecting data on the economic impacts of casino gambling from public data resource such as Statistic Singapore and Singapore Ministry of Manpower Participants need to meet two criteria in order to be eligible to take part in the survey. First, the participant must be at least 21 years of age. Second, the participant must have been live in Singapore for at least 5 years. Furthermore, researchers need to be aware of the ethical issues when conducting a survey and interview. All the personal information of the research participants should be kept strictly confidential. Data on the crime rate Crime statistics can be obtained from SPF. The crime rate is based on the total population that comprises Singapore residents and foreigners staying in Singapore for at least one year. Crime classes refer to the six classes of Crimes Against Persons, Violent Property Crimes, Housebreaking and Related Crimes, Theft and Related Crimes, Commercial Crimes, and Miscellaneous Crimes. With the opening of two casinos in Singapore, an elite police department has been set up to investigate casino-related crime. This department would be able to provide an accurate number of crimes attributable to casinos. Casino-related crimes will be distinguished from the overall criminal activities. Casinos attract a large number of people, many of whom may be visitors from other countries. Therefore, crime rates that adjusted by the local population rather than the population at risk (local population plus visitors) will bias crime rate upward. To avoid this bias, population at risk will be controlled by gathering data on the number of foreign casino visitors and these data are routinely collected by the casinos. I will conduct the interviews with police officer in order to know more about latest crime trend and increase police resources regarding casino gambling. Economic factors must be considered when examining the relationship between casino gambling. This is because economic factors can influence crime rates in a country. According to the economic approach to crime, opportunity cost is relative to the increased criminal activity (G.S. Becker 2001). Difference in opportunities people face such as unemployment rate and median household income are the primary determinant of committing a crime. For example, higher unemployment rate and lower median incomes are expected to be positively correlated with criminal activity because the opportunity costs of incarceration are lower. Similarly, crime rates are expected to be higher as the proportion of the population below the poverty line increases or during economic downturns (B.G. Stitt, M. Nicholas 2000). Public Opinion Survey A public opinion survey will be conducted and the survey responses will be completely anonymous and voluntarily. The data collected will contain the perception data and opinion. In order to archive reliable results, 250 of randomly selected participants (Citizens and permanent residents) will be involved in the survey. This survey includes questions regarding quality of life in Singapore. For example, respondents will be asked to evaluate the impact of casino gambling have on their lives in particular, have they perceived the changes in crime, do they feel there is an increase in employment options, financial well being, and recreational opportunity, do they think having casinos is good or bad to the country, etc. These are some of the important questions that provide the information that will not likely show up in an examination of crime statistics. The survey will be designed to ask questions in three general areas. The first area of the survey will include the demographic information such as age, marital status, gender, race, education background, and the income of the participant. The second area will ask opinion of participants on the impact of the existence casinos on Singapore. The third area, participants will be asked the questions regarding gambling behavior (e.g., Have the participant ever been to the casino? How many times do they go in a month? How much do they spend gambling on average?) . Data on Quality of life and Social Problem Social problems such as family dysfunction, divorce, spouse abuse, suicide, and bankruptcy often mentioned when discussing the impact of casino gambling. These are important determinants of the social costs of casino gambling. Quantitative information on these variables can be obtained from the gambling related organizations and government departments. These include: National Council on Problem Gambling (NCPG): http://www.ncpg.org.sg/ Registry of Births Deaths Citizen Services Centre, Immigration Checkpoint Authority (ICA): http://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=144secid=143 Ministry of Law: http://app2.mlaw.gov.sg/ State of Families in Singapore Report: http://fcd.ecitizen.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/19BA7E14-E7C6-464B-9251-22D3D2C559D2/0/Chpt1.pdf Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports: http://app.mcys.gov.sg/web/faml_supfaml_familyservicesctr.asp The number of divorce, suicide and spouses abuse is available on the website mentioned above. However, it is difficult to know the portion of those caused by gambling related problems. Therefore, personal interviews with counselors and social workers provide a great opportunity for me to evaluate the benefit and costs of casino gambling. In addition, the effectiveness of social safeguards can be measured through the survey and interviews. Personal phone interviews with the pathological and problem gamblers enable me to explore their perspectives on casino gambling and social safeguards, as well as to understand the effects on the gamblers family and society. The effectiveness of social safeguards can also be measured by gathering the data from the two casinos, which provide the number of visitors (Citizens and permanents residents). Data on the Economic Impact of Casino Gambling The qualitative information will be gathered to augment information that obtained from the crime statistic and the public opinion survey. The economic impacts of casino gambling are tangible and quantifiable. Data of the positive and negative impacts of casino gambling on tax revenue, tourism industry, other business (e.g., movie theaters, pub, karaoke lounges, restaurants and retail shops), employment, wages, the number of people on welfare and property values can be obtained from public records (e.g., court records, police records, criminal records and criminal history, arrest records), Statistic Singapore, government departments. (e.g., Singapore Tourism Board and Ministry of Manpower). The chambers of commerce, public officials and local businesses are valuable sources of information. I can gather these data from personal or phone interviews with them. Social benefits are important consideration when examining casino gambling. Questions will be focus on the positive or negative i mpacts of casinos to the countrys economic development such as infrastructure improvement, increased tax revenue and police resources. Tourism development and improvement of infrastructures are some benefits that casino gambling may provide. This type of information may not available publicly but is readily available by speaking with officials in the chamber of commerce or community leaders. Casino gambling may increase or decrease welfare rolls. On one hand, casinos may provide job and reduce welfare rolls. On the other hand, problem gambling may lead to unemployment and an increase in welfare rolls. Similarly, casinos may boost the tourism industry or harm other businesses if potential customers spend their money on casino gambling. The perceptions and opinion of public official and businesspersons will provide much valuable insight into these issues. Local media (e.g., journalist, reporters) can provide me additional information on the perceptions and the impacts of casino gambling. These data can be gathered from local newspaper or website. Data Analysis A mix of quantitative data and qualitative data will be gathered in this study. The analysis of quantitative survey data and statistic data is time consuming therefore analysis of quantitative data will be conducted first followed by the analysis of qualitative data. Quantitative Data The statistical data analysis will be used to examine the hypotheses in the proposed research. Data on crime rate, income level, bankruptcy, divorce, suicide, spouse abuse , and welfare rolls are the quantitative data that eligible for statistical analysis. All statistical approaches will involve before and after analysis to examine whether there have been a systematic change in crime and social disruption following the advent of casino gambling. Least squares regression analysis will be also be employed in the study. It helps us to understand how to typical value of the dependent variable (crime) change when any of the independent variable (population changes, income levels) is varied. Qualitative Data Qualitative data is used to augment the quantitative data. Information that has been obtained from the interviews with community leaders, police officers, social service providers, chambers of commerce, businesspersons, and problem gamblers will be analyzed through qualitative data analysis. This is a process of moving the qualitative data that have been collected into some forms of interpretation and understanding of the interviewees, and situation we are investigating (N. Lewins, C.Taylor G.R.Gibbs 2005). The collected data will be presented in tabular format. For example, what the proportions of social workers feel that the casino has had a positive or negative impact on society? What the proportion of community leaders, chambers of commerce, businesspersons, and police officers feel that the introduction of casinos has had positive or negative effects on society? Is the proportion of police officers that feel casino gambling has increased crime significant different from the social workers who feel that the casino has increased crime? Time Scale Plan This research is planned to be completed in six months. First, I will study the relevant literature in order to deepen my understanding of the chosen research topic. I will also evaluate different research techniques and select the most suitable methodology for my research. The first month will end with completing a research proposal and a written literature review. In the second and third month, I will examine the public and the key people opinions on the casino gambling by conducting a survey and interviews. I will review the questionnaire and interviews questions to ensure all the questions are relevant to the objective of my study. If the survey response rate was not good, I will send out more invitations to ensure I reach my target number. All primary and secondary data will be collected within these two months. The forth month will be dedicated for data analysis. Once all data are collected, I will organize and interpret these raw data. I will spend the last two months to write my dissertation. The first draft of my dissertation will be finished in the fifth month. In the last month, I will do a final check and revision for my dissertation. The final dissertation will be completed at the time of submission.